Gender Role and Man free essay sample

In 1920’s society, the timespan of Hills Like White Elephants, a man and young lady demonstrate their sex jobs in that society. The characters in the story appear to fit in and challenge their 1920’s society simultaneously. In Ernest Hemingway’s Hills Like White Elephants, The man and the young lady named Jig begin to fit in to what their own society’s desires are. These desires have to do with men having the option to control ladies effectively, and ladies continually obeying what they state. At that point we perceive how the man and Jig advance at long last. Sex jobs change all through simply this story, and Hemingway makes it clear, with little indications all through. This story challenges social orders generalizations and demonstrates that only one out of every odd lady will follow what the man says at long last, regardless of how their general public will take it. In the nineteen twenties, sexual orientation jobs were and consistently are a major piece of society. Men were commonly progressively better than ladies. Ladies were beginning to be increasingly autonomous, after years went of men being unrivaled. Dance does this too, indicating the distinction in ladies of this timespan. In Hills Like White Elephants, Jig begins as a ward, and dependent little youngster to an autonomous and dynamic young lady in only a short discussion. In Hills Like White Elephants, there are numerous minutes where we can see that the young lady is set in a position where she needs to settle on a choice that can either profit her, or change any trace of soundness she has throughout her life. The young lady is plainly exceptionally youthful and is making some troublesome memories settling on her own choice about the premature birth strategy. She is really told by the man, â€Å"It’s actually a horrendously basic activity, Jig †(Hemingway 574). Which demonstrates that he is accustomed to making her imagine that things are simpler than they truly are. He anticipates that her should tune in, however she begins to battle against the way that he needs her to proceed with this fetus removal since she isn't sure in the event that he will in any case love her a while later. Another model where she needs to ask his supposition before settling on a choice is when Jig asks the man â€Å"Is it great with water? † (Hemingway 573). This may appear to be unclear, however regardless of what the inquiry is, she despite everything needs to check in with this man before she settles on a choice. She needs to rely upon the man to assist her with deciding, and perusing the story plainly this isn’t the first occasion when she has acted along these lines. He has been controlling her for a specific measure of time. Her activity of continually asking his endorsement proceeds with when the young lady asks the man what they should drink or what tastes great. She asks, â€Å"What would it be advisable for us to drink? † (Hemingway 573). This appears to be a straightforward thing for anybody to ask, however it is the initial segment where unmistakably she will request endorsement of everything before she settles on a choice. She keeps asking him things each opportunity it comes to settling on a choice, and she appears to be increasingly more needy through the story. The sexual orientation jobs in this general public have to do with how the man figures he will control Jig’s choices. Later in the story, the man says to the young lady, â€Å" It’s actually a basic activity, Jig. It’s truly nothing. It’s just to let the air in† (Hemingway 573). This is proof of him attempting to convince her into having this premature birth. This is another segment that demonstrates how Jig begins to consider his supposition on the fetus removal when it is her choice, as per her brain, not her general public. This general public doesn’t anticipate that a little youngster should be pregnant with an a lot more established keeps an eye on kid, which could be the reason the man is endeavoring to get her to have the fetus removal. She gets apprehensive about what could be her future with the kid, and on the off chance that she should proceed with this â€Å"simple† activity. She gets progressively anxious the more the man discusses it, and needs him to quit discussing it. She gets worried about it the more her brings it up. This appears to be extraordinary when she needs to quit discussing it, yet it is a typical thing for ladies to get apprehensive rapidly, or society says we do. One individual who has offered their input on how sexual orientation jobs are shown in Hemingway’s Hills Like White Elephants is Joseph R. Urgo, who expresses that â€Å" In every one of, the keeps an eye on power in the story depends on social wellsprings of power: Language, methods for trade, science and reason. By utilization of these assets, the man endeavors to apply command over his better half. † (Urgo 36). This implies the man in the story utilizes pretty much every down to earth way he can to make the young lady figure she ought to do what he says and what he needs. He is certainly not a stupid man, and he utilizes these additional approaches to control her into doing what he believes is correct. Urgo depicts how the American is being depicted as the run of the mill manipulative and requesting sweetheart in the story. Hemingway and Urgo both clarify and investigate how the man realizes the young ladies brain and how it functions. Thusly the man can control the manner in which she thinks and acts in an ordinary circumstance. Another point clarified about sexual orientation jobs in the public eye is simply the man. The young lady is given the name Jig mid-story, when the man is either called The American, or the man. This sums up the man to be anybody, as long as we probably am aware he is altogether more seasoned than the young lady. This shows how the man is essentially there to show how society would anticipate that a more established man should respond when he is in this circumstance. Dance is given a name, since she is all the more an individual person, she challenges social orders desires at long last when she decides to keep the kid and let the man leave. This is significant in light of the fact that it shows that the young lady settles on a free choice, making her a genuine person. The man isn't given a name since he is the thing that the general public in the twenties expects, or accept each man will resemble. He is summed up into numerous men, when we see Jig become increasingly autonomous. Eventually, with Joseph Urgo’s explanation and data from the story itself, Jig is viewed as a young lady who is incredibly reliant on this man, and realizes no other method to satisfy him, yet to do what he needs. She doesn’t remain like this through the end, on the grounds that fortunately she clears her brain a little to acknowledge what she needs for once. The man is the thing that his general public anticipates that him should be, and Jig is the character that challenges these desires. To tie back to how Jig is controlled by the man, this is something that can without much of a stretch characterize how this man hopes to win the imperceptible fight between their conclusions. He is resolved to attempt again and again to get her to understand that she ought to proceed with the activity. As the man, he anticipates that her should hear him out, and leave with him to proceed onward in their movements, yet she doesn’t, which can show how sex jobs change all through this story. From the start, the young lady is reluctant to try and settle on a basic choice without checking in with the American. Before the finish of the story, she settles on the choice to keep the kid herself. At the finish of the story, Jig accomplishes something that very few individuals notice, since we read into the choice she makes, only one out of every odd straightforward activity. Hemingway puts a section in the story where, â€Å" She was sitting at the table and grinned at him† (Hemingway 575). Perusers get befuddled toward the end considering what her choice is, yet with this grin she makes, they can tell that it closes with a positive result, expecting that she keeps the kid. This shows at long last, Jig picks herself what she needs to do, with no contribution from him. This demonstrates how this social orders sexual orientation jobs change in simply this short story and how the general public anticipates that ladies should tune in to men, and men to favor of the choices ladies make. Once more, this story challenges social orders generalizations and demonstrates that few out of every odd lady will follow what the man says at long last, regardless of how their general public will take it. Dance begins following the normal job in the public arena, and in the end begins to challenge 1920’s society desires, demonstrating that a man cannot push her around and control her to settle on choices about her own youngster.

International Business Environment & Trade Essay

Universal Business Environment and Trade - Essay Example The cures are not decided effectively as they might be convoluted when the contracting parties begin from nations that have distinctive lawful frameworks. The codes of law from various nations contain lawful standards which are maintained and upheld by courts. Lawful structures exist without any preparation acquired from common law framework and may join the precedent-based law standards. This paper endeavors to clarify the unpredictability that is associated with blending the worldwide exchange through global exchange for the offer of merchandise. The worldwide exchange for the offer of merchandise to blend the laws on universal deals. This fills in as a code for the customary law and joins the standards sketched out in precedent-based law, common and communist laws. This strikes a trade off between the standards from different lawful frameworks however reactions have been leveled against it. Nonetheless, there has been a weakness which must be commended as advantageous endeavor towards orchestrating instead of decent variety that in any case would win. The CISG gives regular guidelines that administer the universal deals. This doesn't make a difference to all exchanges including offer of merchandise. CISG just administers development of offer agreements and layouts the rights and obligations of both purchaser and dealer. This has changed the built up law o deals. By and by, this doesn't take into consideration terms of utilization and legitimacy of the agreement. The extent of CISG application is contained in articles 4 and 5 . Like different shows that target fitting certain areas of the law, CISG has not had the option to give an exhaustive code in regards to the guideline of the issues falling inside specific circles of utilization. A few issues have been named as dubious because of the distinction between national laws making it difficult to fit different methodologies (Burnett, 2004). In its transition to guarantee most extreme help, drafters chose to disregard a few issues outside the extension by CISG and settled on a profoundly satisfactory

Dallas, George Mifflin

Dallas, George Mifflin Dallas, George Mifflin, 1792â€"1864, American statesman, vice president of the United States (1845â€"49), b. Philadelphia; son of Alexander James Dallas . He read law, was admitted (1813) to the bar, and was secretary to Albert Gallatin . After serving as solicitor (1815â€"17) of the Bank of the United States, Dallas was city attorney (1817â€"19) and mayor (1819) of Philadelphia. An active Democrat, he was appointed (1829) U.S. district attorney for E Pennsylvania, then served as a U.S. senator (1831â€"33), as attorney general of Pennsylvania (1833â€"35), and as minister to Russia (1837â€"39). He returned to his law practice, and a sharp political rivalry developed between him and James Buchanan in Pennsylvania. In 1844, Dallas was elected vice president on the Democratic ticket along with James K. Polk . Dallas was later appointed (1856) minister to Great Britain and was succeeded (1861) in that post by Charles Francis Adams . Dallas conducted the negotiations leading to the Dallas-Clarendon Convention, signed in 1856, which set a basis for the settlement of difficulties in Central America. He also secured from Great Britain a disavowal of the right of search, a historic matter of dispute. He wrote a biography (1871) of his father. See his letters from London (1869) and his diaries (1892) while a minister to Great Britain and Russia. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Translating the English Verb Would in Spanish

Translating the auxiliary English verb would isnt as straightforward as it might appear at first glance: Would has multiple uses—and in none of them is it readily translated as a single word. Would is used both to indicate tense as well as to indicate the speakers attitude toward a verbs action. In any case, the principle of translation is the same: Dont try to translate would as a word; translate it for what it means. ‘Would’ in Conditional Statements One of the most common uses of would is in statements of the type if something were to happen, then something else would happen (or the same thing in a different order, something would happen If something else were to happen first). Nearly always, the would in such instances helps form the equivalent of the Spanish conditional tense: Si yo tuviera dinero, invertirà ­a en empresas espaà ±olas. (If I had money, I would invest in Spanish businesses.)Si yo fuera tà º, irà ­a al hospital. (If I were you, I would go to the hospital.)Rebecca ganarà ­a una buena nota en esta clase si estudiara mà ¡s. (Rebecca would earn a good grade in this class if she were to study more.)Si volviera a nacer, dormirà ­a menos y vivirà ­a mà ¡s. (If I were to be born again,l I would sleep less and live more.) It is common in both languages to make statements where the condition isnt directly stated. For example, the first two examples below are derived from the first two examples above with the condition omitted: Invertirà ­a en empresas espaà ±olas. (I would invest in Spanish businesses.)Yo irà ­a al hospital. (I would go to the hospital.)Me gustarà ­a una taza de cafà ©. (I would like a cup of coffee.)Soy de los que llorarà ­an como cuando algo muy preciado se pierde. (I am among those who would cry when something very expensive gets lost.) It is also possible to imply conditions without using the English if or Spanish si: El asesinato del presidente serà ­a un crimen de guerra. (Assassinating the president would be a war crime.) ¿Nos costarà ­a mucho comer aquà ­? (Would it cost us a lot to eat here?)Me prometià ³ que saldrà ­a conmigo. (She promised me that she would leave with me.) ‘Would’ Referring to Past Repeated Events Another common use of would is to indicate that something happened as a matter of habit or custom. Most often, you can use the imperfect tense, the past tense of Spanish that is usually used to refer to actions that took place over an indefinite period of time. Durante el dà ­a trabajaba mucho. (During the day she would work a lot.)Recuerdo que viajà ¡bamos casi cada verano a Puerto Vallarta. (I remember that we would travel almost every summer to Puerto Vallarta.)Le exasperaban las quejas de sus hijos. (His childrens complaints would exasperate him.)Cuando ganà ¡bamos nadie decà ­a nada. (When we would win nobody would say anything.) ‘Would Not’ Sometimes the negative form, wouldnt or would not, suggests a refusal to do something. The reflexive verb negarse can nearly always be used: Se negà ³ a estudiar otras alternativas. (He wouldnt study other alternatives.)Por eso me neguà © a firmar. (Because of that I wouldnt sign.)Me neguà © a comportarme como un adulto. (I wouldnt behave like an adult.) If would not or wouldnt is used as the equivalent of did not or didnt, it can be translated using either the imperfect or preterite tense. La radio del coche no me funcionà ³ en ese momento. (The car radio wouldnt work for me at that moment. The preterite is used here because the event occurred at a specific time.)Muchas veces la radio del coche no me funcionaba. (The car radio often wouldnt work for me. The imperfect is used here for a recurring event.)Esa noche no salieron juntos. (That night they wouldnt leave together.)Muchas veces no salà ­an del escritorio hasta entrada la noche. (They often wouldnt leave their desks until nighttime came.) Would as a Word of Politeness Often, would adds little meaning to a sentence but is used to make a request polite. One way of doing something similar in Spanish is to use the conditional tense:  ¿Me darà ­as  un minuto y medio? (Would you give me a minute and a half?) ¿Te gustarà ­a ayudarme? (Would you like to help me?)Le comprarà ­as un dulce a su hermanita? (Would you buy a sweet for your little sister?) ‘Would’ in Reported Speech In sentences of the type she said she would verb, the would can be translated using either the conditional or imperfect. In this context there is little difference in the two Spanish tenses. Me dijo que irà ­a al centro. (She told me she would go downtown.)Me dijo que iba al centro. (She told me she would go downtown.)Me dijeron que todo parecà ­a correcto. (They told me everything would seem to be correct.)Me dijeron que todo parecerà ­a correcto. (They told me everything would seem to be correct.) Key Takeaways Spanish has no auxiliary that means would or is used in the same way, and would usually must be translated using various tenses.Depending on the context, would verb in English can become either the imperfect, conditional, or preterite tense in Spanish.If would not is used to indicate that someone refused to perform an action, the verb negarse can be used.

Conceptual Approaches to Learning Free Essay Example, 750 words

Conceptual Approaches to Learning of College Conceptual Approaches to Learning There are many different approaches to learning and many experts that suggest that learning develops in different ways. Most children learn in different ways, depending on what they are learning. There are many approaches that teachers and other experts take when approaching learning, and three approaches will be discussed in this paper: the cognitive approach, behavioral approach and neuroscience approach to learning. Cognitive Approach to Learning The cognitive approach to learning suggests that learners rely on their five senses to learn. This means that it is important for them to listen, touch, read or experience what they area learning (Oracle Education Foundation, 1999). The individual learner will actively process the information they receive as they receive it. In other words, the information they received comes into the brain and is synthesized by the individual as they make sense of it. Cognitive learning can help the learner understand a task when it cannot be understood through a series of steps. The cognitive process will provide the structure that steps in other types of tasks would provide (Jordan, 2005). We will write a custom essay sample on Conceptual Approaches to Learning or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now As an example, in a classroom of students there will be several students learning in different ways. Perhaps Alicia looks as though she is not listening, however, she is thinking about the information she is receiving. As she thinks about the things her teacher is saying to her, she is writing down notes or drawing in a way that helps her retain the information. Later, she will ask the teacher to show her what she is talking about to make sure she has everything correct. Behavioral Approach to Learning In contrast to the cognitive approach, the behavioral approach sees learning as the process of changing behavior. The behaviorists looked at how the environment would influence learning and how this process affected the individual (Huitt and Hummel, 2006). The behaviorists believed that the only time that learning took place was when the learner had actually changed their behavior in some way. Those teachers who use the behavioral approach to learning will most likely do several things that will condition the individual to understand what they are doing. They also believe that we as humans are conditioned by the world around us. We behave in a way that our conditioning has created. We do not behave through a conscious act, but rather through a reaction to a stimulus that either rewards or punishes us. The teacher might use tokens or stickers to work with a student through the behavioral method. The stickers or tokens would become the reward for giving the teacher the desired behav ior (Ford, 2009). The Neuroscience Approach to Learning The neuroscience approach to learning is most closely compared to the cognitive approach to learning because it involves the mind, the nervous system, perception, memory and consciousness. The neuroscience of learning also depends on changes that the neurons in the brain make in order to trigger learning and memory (Pan, 2005). This approach links the brain with the "observations about cognitive behavior" (Oktar, 2006) with the physical process that also help in the learning process. In looking at this approach to learning, the idea of consciousness has to be discussed. Experts have found that some areas of the brain have more to do with consciousness than others, and that consciousness depends on how an individuals brain actually functions. Each person has a way to open to their own consciousness but not the consciousness of other people (Oktar, 2006). When looking at neuroscience and behavior, it actually supports behavior in that the brain helps the individual process their behavior. It also helps an individual process the cognitive aspects of their learning (Oktar, 2006). Lieberman (2000) also suggests that people rely on intuition when they approach the world. Instead of learning through the environment per se, but the individual uses their intuition to understand whatever it is they are learning. The example is given of an individual who enters a romantic relationship. In it, they would use their intuition to decide whether they should date the individual. According to Lierberman, on a cognitive level, the individual is engaging in implicit learning, which is the type of learning an individual does without even thinking about it. This means that cognitive learning and neuroscience work together to bring into an individuals consciousness the understanding of what they are learning. Generally, the neuroscience approach to learning is more involved with the biological aspects of learning involving the brain, neurons and neuro-transmitters. The cognitive approach and the behavioral approach are enhanced by the neuroscience approach because they are brought together in the learning process. References Ford, P. (1 November 2009). Behavioral approach. Blog. Retrieved from http: //paulford. com/behavioural-approach-to-learning/ Huitt, W., & Hummel, J. (2006). An overview of the behavioral perspective. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. Retrieved from http: //www. edpsycinteractive. org /topics/behsys/behsys. html Jordan, L. (2005). An introduction to cognitive strategies. Special Connections. Retrieved from http: //wwwspecialconnections. ku. edu/cgi- bin/cgiwrap/specconn/main. php? cat=instruction §ion=cs/main Lieberman, M.D. (2000). Intuition: a social cognitive neuroscience approach. Psychological Bulletin, 126, (1), 109-137. doi: 10.1037//0033- 2909.126.1.109 Oktar, N. (2006). Theory of Neuroscience. Journal of Neurological Sciences (Turkish), 23 (3), 155-158. Retrieved from http: //www. biology- online. org/articles/theory_neuroscience. html Oracle Education Foundation. (1999). Cognitive processes. Think Quest. Retrieved from http: //library. thinkquest. org/26618/en- 5.5.3=cognitive%20learning. htm Pan, A. (2005). Neuroscience of learning. PowerPoint Presentation. Retrieved from pan. intrasun. tcnj. edu/. ../Neuroscience%20of%20Learning. ppt

Drug Use Cause And Effect Essay Free Essays

You hear about more and more people using drugs these days, particularly prescription drugs. Doctors may prescribe these drugs to you and you may think they are helping but, what you don’t know is how they may change a normal functioning person into an addict. These drugs are habit forming and can seriously harm you, even kill you. We will write a custom essay sample on Drug Use Cause And Effect Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now For Years people go to the doctor for one reason or another. Some doctors prescribe pills that can sometimes be more damaging than helpful. Certain drugs these doctors prescribe like pain killers only mask the problem, not really solving it. Some names of these painkillers are: Vicodin, Lortab, Anexsia, Zydone, and Norco. After several weeks of taking these drugs, you can become physically and emotionally dependent. Even if you have never been an addict or used street drugs before you can become dependent. After a prolonged period, say a few weeks, of taking these drugs, not only are you dependent but, if you do not continue to ingest these pills you will experience withdrawal symptoms. Some of these withdrawal symptoms include: insomnia, night sweats, tremors and agitation. Studies have shown prolonged use or misuse of these painkillers can have other dangerous consequences. Dangers of these drugs include: liver disease related to prolonged or excessive use of the acetaminophen (contained in Vicodin). Physical tolerance to the drug after prolonged use, increased doses is needed to achieve the same pain relief. People tend to forget or do not read the interaction warnings or labels on these drugs. Mixing certain types of other drugs with painkillers can be extremely dangerous and end in a bad result. Drugs like MAO inhibitors and antidepressants can result in respiratory complications or death. How to cite Drug Use Cause And Effect Essay, Essays

Penny Press Essay Example

Penny Press Paper Until the early 1800’s, newspapers in England and America were expensive and therefore exclusive to the wealthy and literate minority. On average, newspapers would cost around six cents per issue and were usually sold through subscription only. Readers would have to pay for a years’ worth of newspapers when first signing up for a subscription, and that cost could be a middle-class worker’s week’s wage. Most people could not afford newspapers and therefore could not receive daily news. In 1833, a cheap newspaper was introduced that cost only a penny per paper. The Industrial Revolution had made printing such a cheap paper possible, and the new â€Å"Penny Press† newspaper became an instant hit. No yearly subscription was necessary, and the majority could afford to read the daily news. This made people in both England and America more aware of current events, and also led to a dramatic increase in literacy rates. The accessibility of the Penny Press to the masses is similar to that of today’s internet blogs. Many websites show news for free, making it available for anybody with internet access. Most blogs that present news concentrate on a certain specific topics. For example, a famous blog called Gizmodo shares the latest updates on new technology, whereas celebrity gossip blogs like Perez Hilton show news about famous people. Blogs are often written in colloquial English, as opposed to newspapers like the New York Times, which are very well-written and may be hard to understand for some. The â€Å"Penny Press† newspaper was important because it made news available to the masses, as do blogs today. We will write a custom essay sample on Penny Press specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Penny Press specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Penny Press specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Logistics Management Essay Example

Logistics Management Essay Example Logistics Management Essay Logistics Management Essay UK and Parnshop,HK to fulfill the achievements during the entire home grocery delivery logistics operation process. Moreover, heaps of logistics strategies, IT solution would be founded in this report, at last; it will also discuss the key difficulties in maintaining a high level of customer service at optimal cost. . Background of PARKnshop shop Ocado 2. 1 PARKnshop Background Parknshop is the leading supermarket chain and multi formats retail in Hong Kong, who operates more than 230 outlets in Hong Kong and also accounts for over 40% of the packaged food market, which is equivalent of 250,000 containers per year and offer on-line shopping and home delivery service. Their mission is â€Å"To be the family first choice for Food Shopping† [pic]Parknshop Group Industry: |Retailing | |Founded /Headquarter |1973 / Hong Kong | |Area Served: |Hong Kong, Mainland China and Macau | 2. 2 Ocado Background Ocado is a British Internet retailer specializing in groceries wholly focused on the home delivery of high-quality food, drink and household goods. The company has centralized warehouse based and picking model in CFC, online delivery without any physical shops. Their mission is â€Å"Great Value, Great Service, Great Choice and Great Way to Shop† [pic] Ocado Group |Industry: |Internet retail | |Founded /Headquarter |2002 / Hatfield,Hertfordshire, United Kingdom | P1 3. Different approaches of Logistics Strategies Operation Management After research, Ocado and Parknshop have some difference approaches for their operation management activities and success supply chain, sustained the continuous development for the entire group. A strategies consists of those plans or patterns of actions that integrate an organization’s primary goals, policies and activities into a coherent whole (Patrik Jonsson Logistics Strategy P. 19) 3. 1 Ocado -Logistics Operation Management and Strategies In Sept,2002, Ocado currently operate a 295,000 sq ft, the Fulfilment Centre (CFC) in Hatfield which is largest and highly automated. In Jan 2003 it centralized all warehousing operation and running all the customer majority of orders are relayed from CFC 1 to spokes for ultimate outward delivery to customer. This is a centralized DC and all of products are receive and delivery from this CFC. 5% of inbound goods are delivered direct from producers to CFC1, whiles 15% are delivered from the waitrose supply chain, at full capacity CFC1 will be able to stock up to 40,000 grocery SKU. Delivery area expanded to over 70% of UK household in 2011. All of the order will be order by CFC which simplified the order processing and lower ope ration cost. This is better control over the products, reduce overall stock holding, reduce inventory cost and the groceries are handled less, preserving quality, processes minimize product touch points and maintain the correct product temperature as well. The CFC also supported by 9 regional delivery spoke around the country which is decentralized warehouse, located closer to customers, this is lower inbound logistics cost and transport cost to customers from the spoke. Hub and spoke system adopted, acquired a new spoke in Bristol which opened in March,2011. which is 9 spokes support Ocado’s internet store with shorter delivery lead time and more responsive and able to offer free delivery service for some dedicated time slots. [pic](Ocado-Centralized Distribution Model ) P. 2 In warehouse, using Distribution Centre-based picking approach and around giant network of forklifts scuttle round, conveyor belts crunch, robots replenish shelves and monorails at packing stations, The people using Pick-to-Light concept and pack groceries into green crates, called totes. Orders information transmitted to radio frequency wrist mounts worn by the pickers as they push blue trolleys along the aisles. The wrist device tells the pickers what and how much to pick. Operators are assigned to specific pick zones and each location equipped with a light and readout display, operators scans the incoming tote. Lights for location requiring pick are illuminated and pick quantity is displayed, operator picks items and presses lighted button to confirm picks. The Finger attached scanners let the pickers scan the products and picked from the totes on the shelves. The pick-to-light system is helps Ocado most efficient, timely and accuracy order picking while minimal training required and compared to other paper based picking solution. It is a visual method, the system is more intuitive than printed orders, and it has around 20-50% pick efficiency over than Pick-to-Paper. The monorail’s job is to collect the orders that have been picked form each floor into containers-the trolley totes are loaded into specific pigeon-hole like slots. Each person’s order will now sit in one container. Staff will scans the items from each container’s totes and which customer it belongs to and packed in color-coded bags depending on whether the goods that have been ordered are frozen, chilled or ambient. This helps the delivery person locate an order and finally turn fork-lifted on to little Mercedes Vans for direct delivery. Ocado using own fleet of bespoke van, each delivery van replaces multiple car journeys every single day, by saving the customers a trip to a super market. It helps groceries to reduce the number of cars on the road each day, developed 5th generation of van, which increases payload by 10% to improve delivery performance and they equipped satellite navigation, a CCTV †SmartDrive† camera to ensure the product reaches the customer in right locations and in proper condition. On time delivery is enhance company reputation and reliability. The automatic material equipment is enhancing the efficiency of pick and pack and transit operation in whole supply chain. Ocado using Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) for the management of home grocery delivery logistics operation. It monitors an inventory levels. Capturing and transmitting sales data through EDI is crucial to ensure the efficiency of VMI operations and opening up the communication channels. P. 3 3. PARKnshop-Logistics Operation Management and Strategies In 1990, ParknShop was operating all distribution activities from a single high-rise facility in Fo Tan, which is 500,000 sq ft, and designed and handle 100,000 cases per day in peaks season and it is mainly operate a slower-moving goods. In 1992, expanded the ambient distribution capacity and rented 200,000 sq ft of space in the new Hong Kong International Distribution Centre(HIDC) facility in Kwai Chung. The space at HIDC contains two sections, one for fruit and vegetable which need temperature and one for general products. It is acting as the decentralized DC and for fast-moving goods, HIDC is nearby in HK international Ocean Terminal therefore enjoys much spin-off benefit and especially a much improve road network and fast for replenishment, located closer to shops and suppliers are more responsive and short delivery lead time , enables JIT operations too. In 1992, they built facility for frozen and fresh pigs cutting facility in Sheng Shui, The location in here benefit for allowed pigs from Mainland China to HK as live and close to border can reduce transport and operation cost for in bound logistics. In 1995, 10,000 sq ft facility in Ap Lei Chau for the distribution of live freshwater and seawater fish which is fish imported in Hong Kong. Parknshop using the store based picking and Pick-to-Paper for online order and home delivery, The worker by manual picking operation for the on-line order received through Electronic Data Interchange(EDI) . Before taking on line order should be select the delivery district and area first, all on line products was picked from 4 Superstore in stead of picked from their DC. Where are located in Jardine Hill, North Point, Yuen Long and Hung Hom. The purpose can achieve flexible and fast lead time for home delivery The warehouse staff to pick up the order per customer on line order list. They are follow the manifest list start of picking operation and using bar code scanning of sales orders. Afterwards, the orders will roll through roll cage into own fleet for home delivery. This is a traditionally Pick –to –Paper method and let worker handle in easily. They adopt cross-docking for local suppliers as a fast track access to the docks and return and meet the just in time strategy, suppliers will not hold any stocks for all cross docking tems which is eliminated the storage level of inventory and cost effective in warehouse. As a result, it managed to reduce the inventory from local suppliers from 4 weeks to less than 2 days in the whole supply chain. In 1995,Parknshop standardized the size of pallets used for deliveries by suppliers and 14 different size became one improving delivery times enormously. which is eli minated the need for manual unloading at the docks and fast track for transportation. P4 Parknshop was fully computerized, employed a proprietary system from Reteck and automated operation in 2007. Their orders can be sent electronically to suppliers and invoices can be received by Electronically Data Exchange (EDI)Besides, using Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) to process of planning implement and controlling the operation of the supply chain. It was enable the stock record for every store to be captured on the computer and for replenishment orders to be automated, it helps reduce the inventory level , keep safety stock and its opening up the communication channels and develop mutually beneficial partnerships along the supply chain . . Information Technology for Logistics Operations On line home grocery delivery makes Information Technology become important and complex, co-operates and communicates with suppliers and customer. Successful adopt IT system to lead entire organization smoothly in order to time saving, enhance operational efficiency and effectiveness, shorten production, material lead time and able streamlining communications channels and improving customer service m anagement . (Pope J Transport Economics Pg. 147) 4. 1 Ocado IT System Advantage Ocado current IT systems are predominantly bespoke and developed in-house by Ocado’s IT team, much of the machinery employed in the CFC is also bespoke. Proprietary intellectual property is integral to the functionality of all aspects of its operations. The CFC is capable of managing and sorting over 20,500 grocery lines and organizing 100,000 deliveries per week. Where IT ensure deliveries arrive at the right address, right time with right contents. Proprietary IP allow for 95% of product availability on the website range for next delivery and 99% availability for next week delivery. It offers the widest range of delivery slots of any online retailer. Tight and reliable delivery windows allow customers to save time compared to visiting a store. On time delivery and minimal products substitution builds consumer loyalty and increases willingness to shop online. Satellite navigation, each bespoke van fitted with a CCTV , SmartDrive camera system to enable complex route delivery into right location and in proper condition and achieve the customer satisfaction. P. 5 User friendly interface, the website, launched IPad, Andriod apps and IPhone apps are more convenience and allow flexibility for customer easier to navigate at any time at any where. At last, Pick-to-Light system, Radio frequency wrist mounts and finger-attached scanners is one of the most efficient and timely order picking method are help to reduce human error and enhance the efficiency and accuracy in warehouse operation. 4. 2 PARKnshop IT System Advantage To explore the opportunities to improve their supply chains, Parknshop deployed Retek software, an Oracle-bases suite of applications that provides solutions in the areas of merchandising, warehouse data, distribution management, demand forecasting, sales auditing , customer order management and various order functions important for the smooth running of retail business . They adopted Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) for all Parknshop stores. It monitors an inventory levels. Capturing and transmitting sales data through EDI is crucial to ensure the efficiency of VMI operations and opening up the communication channels. Just in time (JIT) inventory systems have reduced inventory cost and warehouse expenses, while also improving order fulfillment time. Bar –code is scanned by the cashier at point of sale, the information is transmitted via the store server to a centralized computer , when the number of units on the shelf falls below a pre-set level, a purchase order is automatically sent to the supplier which in turn are delivered to the particular store to re-stock the shelves, this is succeeded keep the inventory stock, increase profitability, benefit the logistics operation and satisfaction for customer need. . Key Difficulties Customer service is a series of activities designed to enhance the level and meet the customer satisfaction, In terms of home grocery deliveries, customer most concerns the best quality and optimal cost of product and on time delivery. A: Routing schedule planning Both Ocado and Parknshop are serious of facing the develop the daily routing schedule , the home groceri es order in various and different basis in daily therefore design a more flexible and efficiency routing schedule to utilize the truck load and transportation cost to maintain the profit, it is a big challenge. P. 6 Besides, more deliveries per route planning may increase the cost , less deliveries or caused by traffic congestion, which means higher risk for miss the on time delivery promise. Different time window (am or pm), peak season demand change also put the routing schedule more complicated and difficult to manage. B: Inventory stock forecasting Ocado on liner grocery product is cover UK by CFC only and their inventory forecast is under country base , it is impossible 100% product available on shell . Parknshop inventory control under forecast individual shop basic which is support on line and retail shop but the on line inventory figure and real time retail shop inventory figure may have different of the time gap. It will occurs out of stock in the retail store but available in on-line service. However, over forecasting will increase the inventory cost and under forecast will be out of stock , it is serious impact the customer satisfaction and suppliers or organization are difficult to planning the inventory stock forecasting in the supply chain. C: High Cost of Land In HK, the geography is small , the rents are high, warehouse costs and warehouse labor are proportionately high, this cost profile mean that HK distributors need to be efficient at stock and warehouse management. Besides, most of the shops are located in building which were not designed to handle goods efficiently, very few have a loading dock and in basements or above ground rather than street level. Land costs have made distribution activities difficult to operate. Different rents in different area at Parknshop store which is occurs different range of the product price, customer may suffer high product price for this situation. D: Limited Data Enablement Ocado’s IT system is limited data enablement the device only had a limited degree of wireless data enablement, required a device could function for up to 16 hours a day on the road and able to withstand a range on weather conditions, Drives would constantly plugging and unplugging the device from the delivery truck while carrying groceries and extremely durable and tough device. he solution was using cost more to activate the device, in additional, failure was coming at a high price, devices not functioning on the road meant missed deliveries, potentially defrosted food and failed to customer satisfaction. The severe difficulties pressure on the home grocery deliveries industry which is impact a higher logistic operation cost and may not reach the customer satisfaction. P. 7 6 Conclusion Hong Kong a small geographic compare with UK and many supermarket around, HK buying behavior is enjoy buying grocery product more frequently in small order at supermarket instead of on line and also as its a part of their entertainment. However, UK people would through on line to bulk buying their grocery product for weekly purpose. No matter how, home grocery delivery is reducing time spent on grocery shopping allows consumers greater flexibility and releases precious time for other activities. P. 8 Reference Partik Jonsson , 2008 â€Å"Logistics Supply Chain Management† McGraw-Hill Education Berkshire Pope. Jeff. 2005-â€Å"Transport Economics† Vineyard Pushing Pty Ltd Australia Christopjer Martin, 2005 â€Å"Logistics and Supply Chain Management† 3rd Edition Pearson Education Limited. Great Britain Journal Artiles: Joh Mash (2001) â€Å"Chain of Demand-A. W. Watson grows sales while cutting stockpiles† Sphere 18-Retail P. 30,31,32 Christine Corns , 2011, Materials â€Å"Logistics Management† Lecture Notes â€Å"Parknshop company overview† Available at : http://www1. parknshop. com/wedshop

Should I Add Supplemental Recommendation Letters

Should I Add Supplemental Recommendation Letters SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Maybe you spent the last year interning in a business and know your supervisor could write a stellar letter about your work ethic and passion for economics. Or you have a long term music teacher who can speak to your lifelong dedication to playing the piano. Or maybe you attend a school with thousands of students and feel like you’ve barely said ten words to your counselor or classroom teachers all year long. If any of these scenarios hits home, then you might be considering sending a supplemental recommendation letter along with your college application. Before sending any extra materials, though, you should think hard about whether it’s the right course of action. This guide will discuss when it’s appropriate to send supplemental recommendations and when you’d be better off holding back. To start, what are some reasons students think they should send an additional rec letter? Why Might You Send a Supplemental Recommendation Letter? If you’ve worked closely with someone outside of school, like a mentor, studio teacher, employer, advisor, coach, or spiritual leader, then you might consider asking him/her to provide you with a supplemental letter of recommendation. Before going ahead and making your request, consider what exactly your reasons are. Below, I’ll discuss some good reasons for sending a supplemental rec, followed by some not so good reasons for sending one. If your reasons fall into the former category, then your next step is to find out how your colleges feel about additional recs. Every school is different, which you’ll see in some of the official policies below. Before delving into that, though, take a look at some strong and weak reasons for sending an extra recommendation. Strong Reasons to Send a Supplementary Recommendation These are a few good reasons to consider submittinga supplemental recommendation, if your college allows it. Think about whether any of these reasons apply to you and your extra rec letter. It Adds an Essential Perspective Perhaps the best reason is that this recommendation would provide a valuable and unique perspective on you as a student and person that your other recommendation letters would not. Recommendations should shed light on your personal qualities, goals, and attitude toward learning, so a supplemental rec must be especially meaningful and revealing to justify sending with your application. Some students feel that their application would be incomplete without input from this recommender. For instance, a spiritual leader might be able to discuss the central role that faith and community service has played in your life. A research project advisor could talk about your college-level investigations in the lab. In some way, this person could add something essential that you feel admissions officers need to know. In this case, a supplemental letter could have a positive impact on your application. Want to provide a strong recommendation for your employee, but don't have the time to craft the perfect letter? PrepScholar's new recommendation tool, SimpleRec, takes you from good intentions and a blank page to a fully written and formatted letter of recommendation in under 5 minutes. All you need to do is give us some simple pieces of information about your employee and your experience working with them, and we'll do the rest. Try out SimpleRec risk-free today: You Barely Know Your Academic Recommenders Another reason you might consider adding a letter- assuming you have a special recommender in mind- is to make up for lackluster letters from school officials you barely know. If you attended a huge school with large student to teacher and student to counselor ratios, then it may have been next to impossible to get to know your recommenders well. Perhaps you’re worried that your letters will be generic, impersonal, and vague. In this situation, I would first and foremost recommend setting up appointments with your counselor and teachers to discuss your goals and what you’d like to go into your letter, as well as give them a detailed resume and brag sheet. If you know that your letters will still be insufficient, then adding a supplemental rec from someone who knows you well could be a reasonable course of action. Finally, some colleges actually suggest that you add a non-academic perspective to your application. Your College Suggests It Some colleges explicitly encourage, though don’t require, the submission of a personal recommendation, as from a peer, family member, spiritual leader, or other source. Any time your school encourages that you send something, it’s a good idea to send that material. Now that you have a sense of some good reasons that justify sending a supplemental recommendation, let’s take a look at the flip side. What are some bad reasons for sending an extra letter? Weak Reasons to Send a Supplementary Recommendation Sending a supplemental rec is only a good idea if you really have put a lot of thought and intention behind it. Check out some reasons that don't support sending an extra letter. You Think "More Is Better" If you’re sending one simply because you think it’s a good idea to go beyond what the college requires, think again! Many admissions officers look unfavorably on extra, unsolicited material, especially if it doesn’t add much beyond what’s already there. Requirements are there for a reason; colleges can decide on an application based on what they asked for, and they generally don’t want students to send lots of extra materials and slow down the review process. Again, each college is different, which we’ll discuss in more detail below. But if you’re only sending an extra letter for the sake of sending an extra letter, then that’s not a good enough reason to do so. Or put another way, don’t assume that more is better without first researching your colleges’ policies. In a similar vein, extra material could actually shine a spotlight on, rather than distract from, weaknesses in other parts of your application. You Want to Make Up for Weaknesses in Your Application Another weak reason is that you think an additional letter will make up for other parts of your application. In fact, your supplemental letter could have the opposite effect by alerting admissions committees that you feel insecure about the strength of your candidacy. An extra recommendation won’t necessarily balance out a weak extracurricular section. There’s an old saying in admissions, â€Å"The thicker the file, the thicker the kid.† This saying means that students who send too many additional documents may not have the credentials to get accepted based on the required materials. A bunch of extras could raise red flags, rather than impress admissions officers, about your merit. Your Parents Know the Mayor Another mistake, though not all that common, is that students send a rec from a famous or prestigious person, thinking the name will stand out and impress admissions officers. As discussed above, letters should come from people who know you well and can give you a meaningful evaluation. A famous recommender won't impress the committee on its own; if you don't really know the person, but just have a family connection, it could come off as superficial name-dropping. You Don't Trust Your Academic Recommenders I mentioned above that a supplemental rec can make up for generic academic recommendations. However, this applies if and only if you have a special external recommender in mind. Plus, you should have a strong reason for needing to rely on an outside source, like a huge high school with low teacher or counselor interaction. If you had the opportunity to get to know your faculty, but still feel like strangers, then you should push yourself to connect with them more by participating in class and setting up meetings. If you don't know your teachers or counselor well or don't trust them to do a good job, you should spring into action (those teacher and counselor recs are important!). There are steps you can take to meet with your recommenders and share information that will help them personalize your letter. Again, if this is your only reason for asking an external recommender, but you don’t have a special person in mind, then you’d probably be better off communicating with your teachers and counselors and doing everything you can to help them produce effective letters. Besides examining and evaluating your personal reasons for wanting to send a supplemental rec, you should also research your colleges’ policies. Schools have different stances, but they also repeat some of the samethemes, as you’ll see below. Never a good idea tooverwhelm admissions officers with lots of extra materials. How Do Colleges Feel About Supplemental Recommendations? There aren’t too many colleges that outright prohibit supplementary letters of recommendation, but some advise caution or subtly discourage their submission. A college, for instance, might state that it shaped its requirements intentionally and don’t want applicants to send more or less than what they asked for. Other colleges stress that a supplemental recommendation is only a good idea if it really adds something important and substantial to "the story of you." This stance puts pressure on you to decide whether or not your letter is worth sending. A few other schools, like Emory, actually invite a personal recommendation. Again, any time a school suggests that you do something extra, make sure to do it! Consider it like any other requirement. You may be able to find this information on your college’s admissions website. If not available- some sites are more detailed than others- then give the admissions office a call and ask how the committee feels about supplemental recs. It’s important to do your research on all aspects of your application. To help you out, we’ve compiled some statements from a few schools on supplemental recommendations. Note the frequent emphasis that it must add something substantial to your application to justify sending it along. Select Schools and Their Stances on Supplemental Recommendation Letters Perhaps the students who are most guilty of sending unnecessary extra material are those applying to selective schools. In trying to stand out from the competition, they send additional materials. However, you’ll see that some of these selective schools also want you to be extremely selective about what you send... Yale says, â€Å"If you feel the need to submit extra information, you may ask one additional recommender to write on your behalf. Please do not solicit this additional letter unless you feel it will add substantially to your application. The writer should know you well personally or have mentored you closely in some capacity. For example, if you have engaged in advanced scientific research, you should consider asking your research mentor to write a letter of recommendation for you.† Columbia is more specific about what external source can recommend you (and more explicit about discouraging supplemental recs): "We welcome an additional letter of recommendation if the writer has worked with you in a researcher or college course capacity...The Committee discourages the submission of additional recommendations, as admissions decisions will be based primarily on the required recommendations from your high school teachers and secondary school/guidance counselor." The University of Penn also allows one extra letter: "If an applicant would like to submit another letter of recommendation beyond this requirement, we strongly recommend that it is not from another academic teacher. Examples of an appropriate recommender include an athletic coach, an internship or research supervisor, a boss at a part-time job, or a local clergy member. These additional recommendations are only helpful if the recommender knows the student personally and can write specifically about him or her." Princeton doesn’t exactly encourage supplementals, but it allows them if they provide something novel and meaningful: "We believe that the required teacher and guidance counselor references give us much of the information we need to make thoughtful, well-informed decisions. Additional letters are only helpful if the person writing the recommendation knows the candidate well and can provide new, detailed information." Brown similarly emphasizes that supplementals must go above and beyond the other letters: "In our experience, the required counselor recommendation and two teacher recommendations provide all we need to make a thoughtful, informed admission decision. If, however, someone has unique knowledge of certain strengths or accomplishments that would not be addressed in the required recommendations, you are welcome to have another person write on your behalf." Vanderbilt draws on the same theme in a succinct way, emphasizing quality over quantity: "If students wish to submit additional letters of recommendation from teachers, coaches, employers, or anyone else who can bring something new to the application, they may include those as well. We strongly advise that these extra letters offer additional information about the applicant, and we encourage a â€Å"quality- over- quantity† approach." Are you applying to MIT? Here’s what they have to say: â€Å"Most applicants, and most admitted students, submit no supplemental recommendations. Some applicants and admitted students submit one supplemental recommendation; a few submit two. Submitting more supplemental recommendations will not disqualify you, but it is rarely necessary.† Sensing a theme? Quality beats quantity every time. If you’re sending a supplemental rec, make sure it truly adds something substantial, important, and not to be missed. Does this sound like a tough call to make? Read on for help on deciding whether or not your supplemental rec is worth sending. How to Decide Whether or Not to Send a Supplemental Recommendation As you can tell, you only want to send a supplemental rec if you feel it can truly help your application. Sending one for no good reason could actually leave a bad impression with admissions officers, effectively making your extra work not just unnecessary, but even harmful to your chances of getting accepted. Assuming your school allows you to submit an extra recommendation online or by mail, you should think about your reasons, along with researching your colleges’ policies, before asking your supplemental recommender for a letter. First, ask yourself if this letter adds value and insight to your application that’s not already there. What exactly does it communicate, and why is it important for admissions officers to know this about you? What new dimension does it add- perhaps related to community service, professional work, long term mentorship, or college level research- and how is this side of you relevant to your success at college? By pinpointing your specific reasons for sending this letter, you can make sure it will add to your application in a substantial way. If you have strong reasons for sending it and your college allows it, then a supplemental letter could round out your application and ensure that admissions officers know everything about you that they need to make a well-informed decision. On the flip side, don’t stress if you don’t have that special recommender outside of school! As Brown says, and most schools agree, â€Å"In our experience, the required...recommendations provide all we need to make a thoughtful, informed admission decision.† What's Next? Not only is it important to think carefully about why and who you're asking for a supplemental recommendation, but you also want to put the same planning into who you ask for teacher recommendations. Check out this guide to learn about who you should ask for a letter of rec. Once you're clear on all your requirements, you want to make sure you collect the strongest letters you can. This guide explains what makes a strong letter of recommendation, and what you can do to help your teachers and counselors write the best ones possible. Finally, considering the perspective on the other side will also help you get the most effective recommendation letters for your application. Learn about what exactly admissions officers are looking for when the read recommendation letters, and why they're so important to your application. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

My Experience with the Council Form Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

My Experience with the Council Form - Essay Example The council helped me accept diverse opinions than before, in addition to understanding those who disagreed with me. During the session, I noticed that it was interesting to listen to others particularly those who had different opinions from mine, especially when they supported them with studies and pieces of evidence. My little voice was thinking on their reactions, telling myself that they could be either right or wrong. I did not have a problem listening because I listened to each and everyone in the group and realized that life is cool when we communicate to each other, as well as when we give each other an opportunity to argue and speak his ideas. To add to this, I discovered that, if one believes what he says and have evidence, then your conversation has a great effect on other participants in the group session and everyone will agree with you. I also learned from the controversial topic that we can all discuss and come up with a correct answer, although I did not expect such a topic and therefore, my opinion was not changed since I hate to hear or talk about it, though it was nice to hear people give their opinions on it. During the group meeting and group presentation, some of my strengths as a group participant were supporting my opinions with studies and pieces of evidence, showing that marijuana should be kept illegal. I was also the only member who was against marijuana, and therefore, my position was a specialist opinion. I played the role of trying to convince them in regards to marijuana risks, but at the same time respecting their views, though they insisted that they had to read and see more studies on its risks. However, they tried changing my views but they could not give me any strong and logic pieces of evidence either. I have learned a lot from the group sessions, like having to listen to each and everyone, in addition to, those who disagree with me and respect their opinions. During the preparation of our presentation, leadership emerged from our group, where Tom was elected to be the leader, where he led us effectively. The leadership was also shared, where Eric helped Tom in leading us as well as, helping each one of us. He was helpful as well as a good friend. There was also satisfactory leadership in our group session because we all got A’s. It was also easy for us to make decisions on how our presentation would be structured. This is because we respected and understood each other, which is very important in group work. If group members do not understand and respect each other, the group becomes disorganized in their final presentation. The consensus was easily reached because we all worked as a team although there were members with different views, we still maintained the friendship.  Ã‚  

Bank of America Acquisition of Merrill Lynch Essay

Bank of America Acquisition of Merrill Lynch - Essay Example The investing and securities industry in the United States is quite successful with its level of growth before the recession being astronomic over the past couple of years. The country maintained a distinct difference between commercial and investment banks before 1999. This in effect means that the industry enjoyed massive benefits as the banks concentrated only on certain banking activities without competing much with the players in the investment banking industry. On the other hand, the industry includes approximately 3000 companies which have total revenue of close to 200 billion dollars (Hoovers par 1). The investment banking industry is much concentrated with the first 50 major players accounting for close to 90% of the industry’s earnings according to Hoovers (par 1). The investment banks commonly target those who have property which include land, buildings and other fixed assets the main customers being the middle class (Perkins 14). Some of the main competitors of Bank of America in its acquisition of Merrill Lynch include Wells Fargo and Company, The Goldman Sachs Group Incorporated and JP Morgan Chase and Corporation, and Citigroup. Bank of America Merrill Lynch is considered the world’s largest brokerage having at least 15000 brokers and a client asset base of about 2.2 billion dollars. In this regard, it fairs competitively compared to its main competitors both in the investment and brokerage ventures. Bank of America in itself has remained for long the second most capitalized bank in the United States. The bank serves more than 150 countries and has relationships with many Fortune 500 companies (Matthew, Carrick and Dan 14). In terms of total revenue, the Bank of America is 5th largest in the USA. There are several small brokerage firms that are far less capitalized in the US which little threaten the establishment of the Acquisition. The main competitors in the market including Wells Fargo

Remuneration Strategies and Employee Turnover

Remuneration Strategies and Employee Turnover COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE REMUNERATION STRATEGIES AND EMPLOYEE TURNOVER BETWEEN PRIVATE AND PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS: A SURVEY OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN NAIROBI COUNTY Background of the study Public sector employment accounts for a significant portion of wage employment in developing countries (Mizala, et al.,2011; Ramoni-Perazzi and Bellante, 2007). The ability to attract and retain highly skilled personnel is a major challenge in increasing government capacity to produce and implement good policies, including wage determination policy. In employment, a major debate revolves around public-private sector wage differentials that are significant for attracting and retaining talent. Wage determination processes within the two sectors are distinct and (have the potential to) give rise to differentials in pay rewards between comparable worker categories (Hyder and Reilly, 2005; Skyt Nielsen and Rosholm, 2001; Van der Gaag and Vijverberg, 1988). While surveys from developed countries show that public sector wages are on average higher than those in the private sector, evidence from developing countries is often limited or entirely lacking. The general perception is that employees in the private sector, particularly the highly skilled ones, earn much higher salaries than their public sector counterparts. The former tend to negotiate for higher salaries whenever they move from the public to the private sector. These perceptions do not, however, take into consideration the fact that although salaries in the public sector may be lower, the total compensation package may include transactional and relational returns, which are not available in the private sector. The higher packages to private or public sector workers are likely to introduce wage distortions and disparities in public-private sector wage employment, while leading to low morale and output in the affected sector. Statement of the problem A recent survey by KIPPRA (2013) indicated that the general public sector pays slightly higher than the private sector when comparing basic salary and allowances. However, the private sector pays a higher basic salary. Further, there is a large vertical wage inequality in both the public and private sector between the lowest and highest cadres. These wage differentials have caused a distortion in the wage economy, defying the principles of wage determination. The report indicates that education and experience are no longer major considerations in wage determination. Moreover, the current employment policy seems inadequate in addressing issues around wage differentials within the public sector and between public and private sectors. The report further reveals that there is a positive correlation between wage differential and the cost of labour, as the higher the wage differential the greater the likelihood for agitation for higher wages. The report also shows that basic salaries alone are not a sufficient motivator for retaining employees. Incentives and allowances play a significant role in ensuring employee retention within the public sector. Non-monetary incentives such as working environment, challenging assignments, job security and flexible working hours have contributed to high employee motivation. In addition, motivation is upped due to the wide range of allowances available to the employee in the public sector. In most cases, the proportion of allowances accounts for at least 50% of the total take home pay across the public serve Due to lack of an explicit Kenyan policy on wage determination, distortions exist between employees bearing similar qualifications, experience and levels of competence. According to work done by the Institute of Economic Affairs (2006), there are substantial differences in the remuneration of individual public sector workers across different departments and institutions. A comparison of wages in the public sector – across the central government, the Judiciary, Parliament, Local Authorities, Disciplined Forces, and State Corporations – shows that the basic pay in central government is substantially lower for the same educational qualifications, experience and ability. urther, the study notes that there are discrepancies across the operational pay scales. Despite the overall implications of wage differentials, limited studies have been undertaken in the recent past to establish whether the remunerations strategies differ between public and private in Kenya, the nature and size of their distorttionary effects, and how their influence employee turnover level . Specific objectives To explore various remuneration strategies employed in both private and public institutions To establish the turnover rate in both private and public institutions To determine the effect of remuneration strategies on turnover rate in both private and public institutions To establish the effect of employees remuneration satisfaction level on turnover rate To determine the Reasons For and Significance of the Study The performance of the public sector workers in Kenya has been a major concern to the Kenyan people. It has been characterized by low work performance and poor service delivery. The problem indicators include: absenteeism from work, lateness, corruption, theft, a high rate of complaints, low quality work output and high turn-over of professional staff. There is need therefore to undertake research aimed at developing renumeration strategies for motivating the public sector workers in Kenya. The main objective of this research study will be to develop strategies for enhancing staff retention in order to improve the work performance of the public sector workers. Opiyo (2004, p. 18) observes that the public service wage bill is 9.6 per cent of the GDP. He states that any further increase in the wage bill could lead to negative economic consequences, such as the rise in inflation rates and general increase in price levels of goods and services. The government therefore is not in a positi on to spend more money in salary increases to enhance motivation. This is because at the moment the government has no resources to offer salary increase and any further increases (as indicated above) will cause negative economic impact. Therefore, a strategy that will assist in enhancing motivation of employees in the public sector without spending more resources becomes even more appealing. Methodologies Study Area The research will be carried out in Nairobi. As the capital city of Kenya Research design This study will adopt a comparative research design. A comparative study will enable the researcher to assess the difference that exists on remuneration strategies between in private universities and those used in public universities to gain competitive advantage (Orodho, 2003). Target Population The main target unit for analysis of the study will be both teaching and non-teaching staff and human resources top management officials of the selected universities. The non-teaching staff and other staff will serve as key informants to provide more information in regard to the remunerations strategies employed in their institutions to retain employees Sampling Design and Procedure The study will employ stratified, simple and purposive sampling technique to select a private university and a public university and teaching and non teaching staff respectively. Data Types and Sources This research study will be conducted using two sources of data; primary and secondary data Primary Data Primary data will be collected by conducting interviews with the senior administrative staff and HR staff respectively. On the other hand, questionnaires will be issued to the non-teaching and teaching staff . Secondary Data Secondary data will be gathered from a variety of sources including analysis of case studies, reviewing websites, books, journals, and brochures of universities Data Collection Instruments The researcher will use questionnaires and interviews as the main instruments for collecting data. Validity and Reliability Validity and Reliability It will be done through piloting of instruments to improve their efficiency in data collection. The researcher will issue 30 questionnaires to a university other than the ones selected for the study. Reliability, which entails the accuracy and precision of the measurement procedure, will be carried out using the cronbach’s alpha test, whereby a coefficient of 0.7 will indicate reliability of the questionnaire. Cronbachs alpha is widely believed to indirectly indicate the degree to which a set of items measures a single uni-dimensional latent construct. Cronbachs alpha generally increases as the inter-correlations among test items increase, and is thus known as aninternal consistencyestimate of reliability of test scores. Because inter-correlations among test items are maximized when all items measure the same construct, that is, the higher the coefficients, the better the measuring instrument (Zinbarg et al., 2005). Data Analysis The data that will be collected will be analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel package too. Descriptive statistics include frequencies, percentages, pie charts and graphs, which will enable the researcher to meaningfully describe distribution of measurements using a few indices or statistics. Inferential statistics will be important in determining the nature and magnitude of the relationship between the marketing strategies used in public university and private university for competitive advantage. The researcher will calculate a co-relation co-efficient (r) using pearson’s corelation co-efficient method, whereby a coefficient of more than +1 will indicate a positive relationship between marketing strategies and competitive advantage. A coefficient (r) of 0 will indicate no relationship, and a coefficient (r ) of -1 will indicate negative relationship between the variables being tested.

Crisis in Australian Film Industry

Films from down under are going, well, down and under†(Humphreys S cited in Kaufman T, 2009). This essay will confirm there is a crisis is the Australian Film Industry through exploring the economic, political and cultural factors that led to the crisis. The current economic climate and political decisions have had a significant impact on the Australian film industry, leading to lower production rates of overseas films in Australia.The internal and external cultural factors will be explored to highlight the responsibility the Australian public and the industry had and how ailing to meet these responsibilities has further deepened the already unfortunate circumstances in the industry. However there are economical, political and cultural factors that have led to the crisis in the industry; this essay will also explore why it is called a ‘crisis'. Thus exploring the loss of Jobs, the lack of Australian films being produced, and most importantly the erosion of a sense of nati onal identity that Australians gain through Australian cinema.Recent successful Australian films ‘Australia' (Alarm B, 2008) and ‘Black Balloon' (Down E, 2008) represents the laity that films should be produced to create a successful industry; this reinforces the sense of nationhood at risk of being lost. There is a common misconception that the strong Australian dollar benefits the economy (Boded M, 2010). However for the Australian film industry this is not the case, the Australian dollar has risen to a 28 year high (Dingle S, 2011) so it is justifiable to say this has significantly contributed to the crisis in the industry.Film executives believe that â€Å"the industry is in a crisis and in real pain but we scant tell the al story without sending your international customers running† (unknown cited in Boded M, 2010). Therefore, due to the strong dollar the film industry is in a lose-lose situation further deepening the crisis it is faced with. This is because international films being produced in Australia are significantly more expensive; hence Australia cannot remain competitive in the global market.Alarms McFarland from Deluxe Promotions states that the last international production that was produced in Australia was the 2009, Gavin Hood film Wolverine' and before that, Bag Loran's Film ‘Australia' (2008) (Cited in Dingle S, 2011). This three-year drought in international film production in Australia exemplifies the importance of a particular economic climate in order to attract overseas production in Australia and to lead to a successful Film Industry. The strong Australian dollar has significantly reduced the amount of international films being produced in Australia in recent years.Rising Sun Pictures co-founder Tony Clark stated that the current economic climate is â€Å"killing us all† and finding new business is crucial but close too impossible at this stage (cited in Boded M, 2010). This has led to a chain of inoppo rtune circumstances, further elevating the extent of the crisis. Due to the lack of international film production in Australia there is significant lull in Jobs in the film industry. The current situation in the industry can be labeled as a crisis as production companies are cutting staff to reduce costs and then the advertising and television (Dingle S, 2011).Production in Australia also creates employment through the use of stunt doubles, extras and film crew. The lack of overseas production will therefore result in limited Job opportunities in the industry. Therefore the strong dollar has a negative impact on the economy through the perspective of the film industry, as there are higher unemployment rates. Ultimately the Australian film industry needs to position themselves differently within the current economic climate and market place to gain some sort of benefit from the current economic climate (Hear G, Ryan M D, 2010).Economic factors contributing to the crisis in the indust ry can arguably be eliminated by political decisions. The Australian Government has failed to introduce adequate tax incentives to attract foreign film production in Australia, which is further stabilizing the current economic climate (Hear G, Ryan M D, 2010). Australian film commissioner Tracey Iberia believed the 15% tax offset â€Å"Just wasn't strong enough† for overseas production to stay in Australia and the tax offset should be doubled to 30% (cited in Dingle S, 2011). The Government will review Subfamily's proposal but some people in the industry fear it may be too late.Central City Rod Allen believes tax incentives cannot lessen the effect of the high dollar and â€Å"the incentives can't compensate enough now' (cited in Boded M, 2010). However, others state that the tax s â€Å"not a grant; it's designed to deliver significant inflows of external investment into Australia† (McFarland cited in Dingle S, 2011). Thus questioning the feasibility of introducing a tax incentive and its ability to seize the crisis in the Australian Film industry. Through exploring past tax incentives, it is evident that tax incentives do not cause enduring improvement to an industry.The ABA scheme was first introduced in the sass's, which led to growth in various companies in and associated with the film industry. However tax incentive such as these can lead to an â€Å"unstable bubble† in the Australian Film industry, attracting film to be produced in Australia and as the tax deflates so does the production rate of films, causing a negative slum in the industry (Burns A, Lethal B, 2010). Through investigating past tax incentives, it is seen that incentives fail to create stability, through this the extent of the crisis is recognized by showing that tax incentives will not cease the crisis.The success or failure of the Australian Film Industry is often based on the box office success. However statistics from Screen Australia show that the 100 Australia n eater films released between 2007-2009 had a total audience viewing off million by February 2011 and only 6% was viewed at the cinema (Screen Australia). This indicates that basing the success of the Australian Film Industry on box office figures is not necessarily a viable source as the Box Office only indicates a films profit made in cinema.Film writer Linden Barber believes the film industry â€Å"needs to get away from the fixation on the box office†¦ It doesn't matter where people see films as long as they view them† (2008 cited in Kaufman T, 2009). Therefore can it be Justified hat the Australian Film industry is not in crisis, but purely the unfavorable economic notion, however the industry can be recognized as being in a crisis by the lack of drive for Australians to view Australian films in cinema, therefore Australians are becoming deprived of a sense of national identity achieved through Australian film (Hear G, Ryan M D, 2010).One may be led to believe that Australians strong sense of nationhood and pride would entice them to watch Australian films to attain a sense of imagined community (Anderson B, 2006). However this is not the case, Australians have become a â€Å"viewing population- not a viewing nation† (Vernon D, 2005) weakening the sense of imagined community shared amongst Australians. The Age's film writer, Jim Schemers argues that a lack of marketing has put the industry in this predicament (cited in Kaufman T, 2009).Where as American films understand the importance of promotion, this recognizes the simple ways American films dominate Australian films in the Box Office (Kaufman T, 2009). This ‘American' style of promotion may of lead to the booming success of the film ‘Australia' (Hear G, Ryan M D, 2010), which raked in an enormous $26,91 5,773 (Screen Australia) in the box office alone. This stresses that maybe internal factors of the industry are the cause of the crisis. The negative attitudes within th e industry about the industry have transcended to Australian viewers.The 2008 film ‘Black Balloon' (Down E, 2008) displays images of ‘Australians' to its viewers and creates a sense of nationhood amongst viewers, however it's co-writer had a different effect on the Australian public. Jimmy Jack singled out other nominees at the Australian Film industry awards when saying â€Å"F*KC you! With pride accepting his award followed by a roaring applause. This highlights an industry comfortable insulting others in the industry (Kaufman T, 2009). Thus encouraging and tolerating a negative attitude towards the Australian film industry that the Australian public has accepted.This ultimately drives the issues in the film industry deeper into crisis. Australian cinema (not Just films produced in Australia) fosters an Australian story, representing and preserving Australian culture, character and identity (Marcher, 1999 cited in Hear G, Ryan M D, 2010). When exploring why the Austra lian film industry is babbled a ‘crisis' it is evident it is because of the erosion of national identity and a sense of imagined community, which can be achieved through Australian film.Bag Allurement's film ‘Australia' (2008) uses imagery of the Australian landscape to display national identity thus uniting all Australians with a sense of imagined community (Simpson C, 2010). The film also recognizes the gender and racial discourses imprinted into Australians national identity (Hogan J, 2010) in an attempt to create dialogue amongst Australians to help recognize and eliminate the issues. Ultimately Australia' recognizes Australia's past and encourages a brighter future for all Australians- indigenous or not.The film achieves this through creating a distinct shift in the attitudes of those within the industry by creating an indigenous film that is not â€Å"Box Office poison† (Simpson C, 2010). The film ‘Australia' (Lurching B, 2008) represents the power Aus tralian films hold over a sense of imagined community and national identity. Thus representing the lack of nationhood Australians will Unlike ‘Australia' (Lurching B, 2008) Elise Downs 2008 film ‘Black Balloon' displayed a ensue of ‘Australians' in a more subtle way.The film was the second highest grossing film in the Box office in 2008 to ‘Australia', gaining $2,265,689 in the box office alone (Screen Australia). Although this was less than a tenth of what ‘Australia' (Lurching B, 2008) grossed, ‘Black Balloon' (Down E, 2008) may have created a more sustainable sense of nationhood. Contrasting to ‘Australia' (Alarming B, 2008), the film was not tainted by Hollywood (Parents O, Parker R, 2009), displaying an Australian genre of film and following a less dramatic more realistic story line.Dominic Knight (from the Chaser's) believes that few Australian filmmakers seem interested in depicting ordinary life (cited in Kaufman T, 2009). Hence Aust ralian films need to maintain their cinematic identity and produce films in which audience's want to see (Humphreys S, 2008 cited in Kaufman T, 2009). Thus supporting the success of ‘Black Balloon' (Down E, 2008) in telling a relatable Australian story (Evergreen D, 2005). This further highlights the extent of the crisis, as a sense of imagined community is lost. Through exploring the various driving factors that contributed to the crisis in theAustralian Film Industry it is evident that soon, if nothing has been done, the industry will be labeled a tragedy. The industry is sensitive to certain factors and relies heavily on a specific economic climate to attract overseas production. These external factors are beyond the industries control but still need to be addressed. Although some people within the industry believe it is too late, or that a tax incentive would not be effective in the long-run the government along side the Australian Film Industry should investigate option's before it is too late.Through acknowledging that the industry is in crisis one can only anticipate that Australians will recognize the importance that the film industry has in creating a sense of national identity and imagine community and re-evaluate their attitudes towards Australian cinema. The Australian film industry cannot control the external factors that are contributing to the crisis in the industry, however the; industry, government and Australian public need to recognize the issues in order to salvage the industry and eliminate the factors that labels it as in a crisis.

Police Officer Is Not Wrong, And The Civilians - 997 Words

â€Å"A now-former area police chief face public corruption charges. He was accused of using a city credit card to pay for a trip to Hawaii† (John 2014). Police officers have done a lot of wrong things in the past, some examples are: gratuities, bribery, and brutality. Although there are plenty of instances where the officer is not wrong, and the civilians are in the wrong. Some people wonder what exactly leads a police officer to bribery, and some bribery cases are civilians lying. A large solution to this problem would be the training for police officers to be improved to prevent police misconduct. A beginning problem is gratuities. What exactly is a gratuity? A gratuity is when police get free meals or discounts on their meals. Some police departments prohibit this, others do not. Business’ can use this as a motive to get more business. Businesses would get more business from other police officers and citizens. Who wouldn’t want to eat somewhere that is protected by police? Walker states that in some cases it’s a â€Å"thank you† for the job that the police officer is doing, its reflecting self interest, they may do it to scare off criminals, or expectations of more police officers coming to that business (2002).There are plenty of reasons why gratuities are bad. It opens the door for more serious forms of corruption: â€Å"encourages officers to believe that they are entitled to special privileges and may lead to officers demanding them† (Walker 2002). There are many ways to solve thisShow MoreRelatedThe Fight For Cameras : Police Officers S hould Wear Body Cameras1236 Words   |  5 Pages8548488 The Fight for Cameras: Why Police Officers Should Wear Body Cameras In 2014, the shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson Missouri sparked an outbreak of protests and negative attention against the nation s law enforcement. Michael Brown was shot and killed and the whereabouts of what actually happened were very unclear. Was it an accident? Was it intentional? 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Business and Commercial Law - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1096 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Group Project: Business and Commercial Law Contents Part: 1 Part: 2: Brief About the Company: Objective and business activities of the Company: Capitalisation: Competitor: Comparison: Conclusion: Part: 3 Restriction on employment of minor and woman: References: Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Business and Commercial Law" essay for you Create order Part: 1 Name of the Company: Emaar Properties PJSC Part: 2: Brief About the Company: Emaar is a Dubai based Public Joint Stock Company. The company is a listed company in Dubai Finanacial Market. The company is property developer with global presence. Since inception of the company since 1997, the company has been involved in development of property all over Dubai and has changed the landscape of property development in Dubai. Emaar developed Burj Khalifa, the tallest building on earth (Emaar, 2014). Objective and business activities of the Company: The objective of the company is to develop world class properties world-wide. The iconic real-estate company created value-added and master- planned communities all over the world. The company has the capacity to meet full spectrum of life style needs of the resident. The company has the capacity to develop shopping mall, retail and in hospitality business. The company has already developed 37,350 residential units all over the world. The company has also developed 6,93,000 sq. ft. of international market. The company has strong fundamental and has got assets over AED 62.8 billion, i.e. $17 billion. The land bank of the company is massive 232 million Sq. meters. In the international market it has 6,90,000 square meters of recurring revenue generation assets. The assets include hotel, malls and over 1900 rooms. In 2013 the company made profit of AED 2.568 billion i.e. $699 million. The annual revenue of the company in 2013 is AED 10.328 billion i.e. $ 2.812 billion. The company is b uilding its strong financial on the growth of Dubai economy. Emaar recorded a net profit of AED 1.731 billion i.e. $471 million (Zawya, 2014). In the first six months of 2014 the company has revenue of $5.063 billion. Out of the total revenue Emaarà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s mall, retail, hospitality and leisure business contributed AED 5.063 billion. There are several projects underway for Emaar. The most highlighted project of Emaar is the integrated lifestyle destination on 500 acre area of AED 73 billion i.e. $20 billion (Business, 2014). Capitalisation: The market cap or market capitalisation of the company is AED 51,764.91 million. The minority shareholder interest in the company is AED 190.77 million. Competitor: The main competitor of Emaar is Nakheel Properties. The property developer is based in Dubai. The company is not a listed company. The performance of the company is not at all robust in terms of total revenue. In 2012 the company announced 2.02 billion dirhams, i.e. $550 million. The Nakheel property announced that in 2013 it will complete 3000 retail residential units. Comparison: The comparison of Emaar and Nakheel would be unhealthy. Both the property developer are dominant player in Dubai Real Estate market but the in terms of revenue and profit and scope of business Emaar is far ahead than Nakheel properties. Emaar has already announced development several new projects in Dubai, like Address Residence Sky View; Burj Vista; Boulevard Point, BLVD Crescent and BLVD Heights; and Vida Residence Downtown Dubai à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" all in Downtown Dubai; The Hills and Vida Residence in Emirates Living; and Palma, Rosa, Rasha, Lila, Yasmin, Samara and Aseel villa communities in Arabian Ranches. The company has presence all over the world. The market for Emaar is spanning in different regions. The company has already established its shop in various countries United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Egypt, Morocco, India, Pakistan, Turkey, USA, Italy and Canada. Conclusion: The company is one of the largest real estate companies in Dubai. Apart from being a listed company in Dubai the company has plans to list its subsidiary in India. The company is in expansion mode all over the world. Emaar has put in place its plan to increase its operations in various parts of the world. Part: 3 Restriction on employment of minor and woman: According to UAE labour law the employment of juvenile under the age 15 is prohibited. Before employing a juvenile the employer has to make sure that all the relevant information and documents of the juvenile is recorded properly in the name of the Juvenile. The list of documents includes birth certificate issued by the concerned authority. The certificate of physical fitness is also to be provided to the employer. The written consent from the guardian of the juvenile has to be secured before employing the juvenile. The employment of the juvenile is prohibited under some circumstances of employment, like at night at industrial undertaking, jobs which are harmful to health, where the working hours exceeds six hours a day and working in holiday (Law, 2014). The women are not allowed to work at the hazardous industry where they can have serious health constraints. The facilities provided to women in work force are not according to international standard. The maternity leave for wom en workers is 45 days (CEDAW, 2010). They article 33 of labour law of UAE says that the maternity leave will be allowed to the woman employee employed for more than one year in the same company. If in case the woman candidate is employed for less than one year in an organisation the woman employee will be paid half of her remuneration during 45 days period. The act is silent about the counting of 45 days leave, whether it is calendar days or working days. The International Labour Organisations Maternity Protection Convention No.183 of 2000 clearly recommended that women shall be allowed 14 weeks of maternity leave by the employers. The UAE labour laws are not consistent with the international standard at all. The UAE maternity leave allowance is more than 50% lower compared to international standard. The breast feeding break for the woman is not consistent with the international standard and the miscarriage leave is not at all considered under UAE laws (Sadek, 2012). References: Business. (2014). Emaar Properties UAE. Retrieved from arabianbusiness: https://www.arabianbusiness.com/companies/emaar-properties-uae-66430.html CEDAW. (2010). Womens Rights in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Retrieved from https://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/UAE_summaryreport_for_CEDAW.pdf Emaar. (2014). The pioneer of master-planned communities in Dubai. Retrieved from Emaar: https://www.emaar.com/en/who-we-are/ Law. (2014). UAE Labor Law. Retrieved from https://uaelaborlaw: https://uaelaborlaw.com/ Sadek, I. (2012, June 28). United Arab Emirates: Maternity And Paternity Rights In The UAE Private Sector. Retrieved from mondaq: https://www.mondaq.com/x/183950/employee rights labour relations/Maternity And Paternity Rights In The UAE Private Sector Zawya. (2014, October 29). Emaar records 37% growth in net operating profit to AED 2.489 billion (US$ 678 million) in first 9 months of 2014. UAE. Retrieved from https://www.zawya.com/story/Emaar_records_37_growth_in_net_operat ing_profit_to_AED_2489_billion_US_678_million_in_first_9_months_of_2014-ZAWYA20141029113926/