Translating the English Verb Would in Spanish

Translating the auxiliary English verb would isnt as straightforward as it might appear at first glance: Would has multiple uses—and in none of them is it readily translated as a single word. Would is used both to indicate tense as well as to indicate the speakers attitude toward a verbs action. In any case, the principle of translation is the same: Dont try to translate would as a word; translate it for what it means. ‘Would’ in Conditional Statements One of the most common uses of would is in statements of the type if something were to happen, then something else would happen (or the same thing in a different order, something would happen If something else were to happen first). Nearly always, the would in such instances helps form the equivalent of the Spanish conditional tense: Si yo tuviera dinero, invertirà ­a en empresas espaà ±olas. (If I had money, I would invest in Spanish businesses.)Si yo fuera tà º, irà ­a al hospital. (If I were you, I would go to the hospital.)Rebecca ganarà ­a una buena nota en esta clase si estudiara mà ¡s. (Rebecca would earn a good grade in this class if she were to study more.)Si volviera a nacer, dormirà ­a menos y vivirà ­a mà ¡s. (If I were to be born again,l I would sleep less and live more.) It is common in both languages to make statements where the condition isnt directly stated. For example, the first two examples below are derived from the first two examples above with the condition omitted: Invertirà ­a en empresas espaà ±olas. (I would invest in Spanish businesses.)Yo irà ­a al hospital. (I would go to the hospital.)Me gustarà ­a una taza de cafà ©. (I would like a cup of coffee.)Soy de los que llorarà ­an como cuando algo muy preciado se pierde. (I am among those who would cry when something very expensive gets lost.) It is also possible to imply conditions without using the English if or Spanish si: El asesinato del presidente serà ­a un crimen de guerra. (Assassinating the president would be a war crime.) ¿Nos costarà ­a mucho comer aquà ­? (Would it cost us a lot to eat here?)Me prometià ³ que saldrà ­a conmigo. (She promised me that she would leave with me.) ‘Would’ Referring to Past Repeated Events Another common use of would is to indicate that something happened as a matter of habit or custom. Most often, you can use the imperfect tense, the past tense of Spanish that is usually used to refer to actions that took place over an indefinite period of time. Durante el dà ­a trabajaba mucho. (During the day she would work a lot.)Recuerdo que viajà ¡bamos casi cada verano a Puerto Vallarta. (I remember that we would travel almost every summer to Puerto Vallarta.)Le exasperaban las quejas de sus hijos. (His childrens complaints would exasperate him.)Cuando ganà ¡bamos nadie decà ­a nada. (When we would win nobody would say anything.) ‘Would Not’ Sometimes the negative form, wouldnt or would not, suggests a refusal to do something. The reflexive verb negarse can nearly always be used: Se negà ³ a estudiar otras alternativas. (He wouldnt study other alternatives.)Por eso me neguà © a firmar. (Because of that I wouldnt sign.)Me neguà © a comportarme como un adulto. (I wouldnt behave like an adult.) If would not or wouldnt is used as the equivalent of did not or didnt, it can be translated using either the imperfect or preterite tense. La radio del coche no me funcionà ³ en ese momento. (The car radio wouldnt work for me at that moment. The preterite is used here because the event occurred at a specific time.)Muchas veces la radio del coche no me funcionaba. (The car radio often wouldnt work for me. The imperfect is used here for a recurring event.)Esa noche no salieron juntos. (That night they wouldnt leave together.)Muchas veces no salà ­an del escritorio hasta entrada la noche. (They often wouldnt leave their desks until nighttime came.) Would as a Word of Politeness Often, would adds little meaning to a sentence but is used to make a request polite. One way of doing something similar in Spanish is to use the conditional tense:  ¿Me darà ­as  un minuto y medio? (Would you give me a minute and a half?) ¿Te gustarà ­a ayudarme? (Would you like to help me?)Le comprarà ­as un dulce a su hermanita? (Would you buy a sweet for your little sister?) ‘Would’ in Reported Speech In sentences of the type she said she would verb, the would can be translated using either the conditional or imperfect. In this context there is little difference in the two Spanish tenses. Me dijo que irà ­a al centro. (She told me she would go downtown.)Me dijo que iba al centro. (She told me she would go downtown.)Me dijeron que todo parecà ­a correcto. (They told me everything would seem to be correct.)Me dijeron que todo parecerà ­a correcto. (They told me everything would seem to be correct.) Key Takeaways Spanish has no auxiliary that means would or is used in the same way, and would usually must be translated using various tenses.Depending on the context, would verb in English can become either the imperfect, conditional, or preterite tense in Spanish.If would not is used to indicate that someone refused to perform an action, the verb negarse can be used.

Conceptual Approaches to Learning Free Essay Example, 750 words

Conceptual Approaches to Learning of College Conceptual Approaches to Learning There are many different approaches to learning and many experts that suggest that learning develops in different ways. Most children learn in different ways, depending on what they are learning. There are many approaches that teachers and other experts take when approaching learning, and three approaches will be discussed in this paper: the cognitive approach, behavioral approach and neuroscience approach to learning. Cognitive Approach to Learning The cognitive approach to learning suggests that learners rely on their five senses to learn. This means that it is important for them to listen, touch, read or experience what they area learning (Oracle Education Foundation, 1999). The individual learner will actively process the information they receive as they receive it. In other words, the information they received comes into the brain and is synthesized by the individual as they make sense of it. Cognitive learning can help the learner understand a task when it cannot be understood through a series of steps. The cognitive process will provide the structure that steps in other types of tasks would provide (Jordan, 2005). We will write a custom essay sample on Conceptual Approaches to Learning or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now As an example, in a classroom of students there will be several students learning in different ways. Perhaps Alicia looks as though she is not listening, however, she is thinking about the information she is receiving. As she thinks about the things her teacher is saying to her, she is writing down notes or drawing in a way that helps her retain the information. Later, she will ask the teacher to show her what she is talking about to make sure she has everything correct. Behavioral Approach to Learning In contrast to the cognitive approach, the behavioral approach sees learning as the process of changing behavior. The behaviorists looked at how the environment would influence learning and how this process affected the individual (Huitt and Hummel, 2006). The behaviorists believed that the only time that learning took place was when the learner had actually changed their behavior in some way. Those teachers who use the behavioral approach to learning will most likely do several things that will condition the individual to understand what they are doing. They also believe that we as humans are conditioned by the world around us. We behave in a way that our conditioning has created. We do not behave through a conscious act, but rather through a reaction to a stimulus that either rewards or punishes us. The teacher might use tokens or stickers to work with a student through the behavioral method. The stickers or tokens would become the reward for giving the teacher the desired behav ior (Ford, 2009). The Neuroscience Approach to Learning The neuroscience approach to learning is most closely compared to the cognitive approach to learning because it involves the mind, the nervous system, perception, memory and consciousness. The neuroscience of learning also depends on changes that the neurons in the brain make in order to trigger learning and memory (Pan, 2005). This approach links the brain with the "observations about cognitive behavior" (Oktar, 2006) with the physical process that also help in the learning process. In looking at this approach to learning, the idea of consciousness has to be discussed. Experts have found that some areas of the brain have more to do with consciousness than others, and that consciousness depends on how an individuals brain actually functions. Each person has a way to open to their own consciousness but not the consciousness of other people (Oktar, 2006). When looking at neuroscience and behavior, it actually supports behavior in that the brain helps the individual process their behavior. It also helps an individual process the cognitive aspects of their learning (Oktar, 2006). Lieberman (2000) also suggests that people rely on intuition when they approach the world. Instead of learning through the environment per se, but the individual uses their intuition to understand whatever it is they are learning. The example is given of an individual who enters a romantic relationship. In it, they would use their intuition to decide whether they should date the individual. According to Lierberman, on a cognitive level, the individual is engaging in implicit learning, which is the type of learning an individual does without even thinking about it. This means that cognitive learning and neuroscience work together to bring into an individuals consciousness the understanding of what they are learning. Generally, the neuroscience approach to learning is more involved with the biological aspects of learning involving the brain, neurons and neuro-transmitters. The cognitive approach and the behavioral approach are enhanced by the neuroscience approach because they are brought together in the learning process. References Ford, P. (1 November 2009). Behavioral approach. Blog. Retrieved from http: //paulford. com/behavioural-approach-to-learning/ Huitt, W., & Hummel, J. (2006). An overview of the behavioral perspective. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. Retrieved from http: //www. edpsycinteractive. org /topics/behsys/behsys. html Jordan, L. (2005). An introduction to cognitive strategies. Special Connections. Retrieved from http: //wwwspecialconnections. ku. edu/cgi- bin/cgiwrap/specconn/main. php? cat=instruction §ion=cs/main Lieberman, M.D. (2000). Intuition: a social cognitive neuroscience approach. Psychological Bulletin, 126, (1), 109-137. doi: 10.1037//0033- 2909.126.1.109 Oktar, N. (2006). Theory of Neuroscience. Journal of Neurological Sciences (Turkish), 23 (3), 155-158. Retrieved from http: //www. biology- online. org/articles/theory_neuroscience. html Oracle Education Foundation. (1999). Cognitive processes. Think Quest. Retrieved from http: //library. thinkquest. org/26618/en- 5.5.3=cognitive%20learning. htm Pan, A. (2005). Neuroscience of learning. PowerPoint Presentation. Retrieved from pan. intrasun. tcnj. edu/. ../Neuroscience%20of%20Learning. ppt

Drug Use Cause And Effect Essay Free Essays

You hear about more and more people using drugs these days, particularly prescription drugs. Doctors may prescribe these drugs to you and you may think they are helping but, what you don’t know is how they may change a normal functioning person into an addict. These drugs are habit forming and can seriously harm you, even kill you. We will write a custom essay sample on Drug Use Cause And Effect Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now For Years people go to the doctor for one reason or another. Some doctors prescribe pills that can sometimes be more damaging than helpful. Certain drugs these doctors prescribe like pain killers only mask the problem, not really solving it. Some names of these painkillers are: Vicodin, Lortab, Anexsia, Zydone, and Norco. After several weeks of taking these drugs, you can become physically and emotionally dependent. Even if you have never been an addict or used street drugs before you can become dependent. After a prolonged period, say a few weeks, of taking these drugs, not only are you dependent but, if you do not continue to ingest these pills you will experience withdrawal symptoms. Some of these withdrawal symptoms include: insomnia, night sweats, tremors and agitation. Studies have shown prolonged use or misuse of these painkillers can have other dangerous consequences. Dangers of these drugs include: liver disease related to prolonged or excessive use of the acetaminophen (contained in Vicodin). Physical tolerance to the drug after prolonged use, increased doses is needed to achieve the same pain relief. People tend to forget or do not read the interaction warnings or labels on these drugs. Mixing certain types of other drugs with painkillers can be extremely dangerous and end in a bad result. Drugs like MAO inhibitors and antidepressants can result in respiratory complications or death. How to cite Drug Use Cause And Effect Essay, Essays